Principles Of Biological Diversity And Entomological Systems Mastery Practice Tests

Question 1

In a coral reef survey, you find 4 species with the following counts: 40, 30, 20, 10. Calculate the Simpson's Index of Diversity $D = 1 - \sum (p_i)^2$.

Accepted Answer

0.7

Question 2

Two forest patches have the same species richness $S=3$. Patch A has proportions $p_1=0.33, p_2=0.33, p_3=0.34$. Patch B has $p_1=0.8, p_2=0.1, p_3=0.1$. Which statement correctly compares their Shannon Index $H = -\sum p_i \ln(p_i)$?

Accepted Answer

Option A

Answer

Option B

Answer

Option C

Answer

Option D

Question 3

An ecosystem service valuation study estimates that a wetland provides $V_p = 500€$ in provisions, $V_r = 300€$ in regulation, $V_s = 100€$ in support, and $V_c = 100€$ in cultural services. Calculate the total ecosystem service value $V_T$ and the percentage contribution of regulating services.

Accepted Answer

1000€ and 30%

Question 4

Which of the following scenarios would lead to a decrease in the genetic diversity of a small, isolated population?

Accepted Answer

Option A

Answer

Option B

Answer

Option C

Answer

Option D

Question 5

If a researcher is classifying an organism and determines it belongs to the family Felidae, which of the following taxonomic levels must also be true for this organism?

Accepted Answer

Option A

Answer

Option B

Answer

Option C

Answer

Option D

Question 6

A phylogenetic tree shows three clades. Clade X contains a common ancestor and all descendants. Clade Y contains a common ancestor but excludes two descendant species. Clade Z contains species from two different ancestors. Identify the types of these groups.

Accepted Answer

Clade X is monophyletic, Clade Y is paraphyletic, Clade Z is polyphyletic.

Question 7

Given the taxonomic indices $i=1$ (Domain) to $i=8$ (Species), if an organism is identified at the genus level ($i=7$), how many levels of classification remain above it?

Accepted Answer

Option A

Answer

Option B

Answer

Option C

Answer

Option D

Question 8

A population of plants has 200 individuals with 150 carrying allele A and 50 carrying allele a. Calculate the frequency of the heterozygote genotype $Aa$ assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Accepted Answer

0.375

Question 9

Which of the following factors contribute to the maintenance or increase of biodiversity in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Option A

Answer

Option B

Answer

Option C

Answer

Option D

Question 10

Two species exhibit convergent evolution for a specific trait. If the probability of this trait appearing independently is $P = 0.02$, calculate the probability that this trait appears in both species given they are unrelated.

Accepted Answer

0.0004

Question 11

If an ecosystem has a Shannon Index $H = 2.3$ and a maximum possible Shannon Index $H_{max} = 3.0$, calculate the Pielou's evenness index $J = \frac{H}{H_{max}}$.

Accepted Answer

Option A

Answer

Option B

Answer

Option C

Answer

Option D

Question 12

A species count in a quadrat is $N=50$. If the species richness $S=5$ and all species are equally abundant, calculate the Shannon Index $H = -\sum p_i \ln(p_i)$.

Accepted Answer

1.609

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the challenge of relying solely on morphological traits for classification?

Accepted Answer

Option A

Answer

Option B

Answer

Option C

Answer

Option D

Question 14

A population of 1000 individuals experiences a mutation rate of $\mu = 0.001$ per generation. Calculate the expected number of new mutations in the next generation.

Accepted Answer

1

Question 15

In a study of genetic diversity, the effective population size $N_e$ is related to the mutation rate $\mu$ and heterozygosity $H$ by the formula $H = \frac{4N_e\mu}{4N_e\mu + 1}$. If the observed heterozygosity $H$ is $0.20$ and the mutation rate $\mu$ is $10^{-5}$, calculate the effective population size $N_e$.

Accepted Answer

6250

Question 16

A researcher compares two forest plots. Plot A has 4 species with proportions $p_1=0.4, p_2=0.3, p_3=0.2, p_4=0.1$. Plot B has 4 species with proportions $p_1=0.25, p_2=0.25, p_3=0.25, p_4=0.25$. Which statement correctly compares their Shannon Index values $H = -\sum p_i \ln(p_i)$?

Accepted Answer

Option A

Answer

Option B

Answer

Option C

Answer

Option D

Question 17

Which of the following scenarios would lead to a decrease in the overall biodiversity of an ecosystem? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Option A

Answer

Option B

Answer

Option C

Answer

Option D

Question 18

The taxonomic hierarchy index $I$ is defined as $I = \sum_{k=1}^{8} w_k$, where $w_k$ is a weight assigned to each level (Domain=1, Kingdom=2, ..., Species=8). If two organisms share the first 5 levels of the hierarchy, calculate the sum of their shared taxonomic weights.

Accepted Answer

15

Question 19

In a phylogenetic tree, a clade is identified that includes an ancestral species and all its descendants, but the analysis is later found to be based on convergent morphological traits rather than genetic data. What is the most accurate classification of this group?

Accepted Answer

Option A

Answer

Option B

Answer

Option C

Answer

Option D

Question 20

A population of plants has a species richness $S=10$. If the total number of individuals $N=100$ and the number of individuals per species $n_i$ follows a geometric series $n_i = n_1 r^{i-1}$ where $r=0.5$, calculate the proportion $p_1$ of the most abundant species.

Accepted Answer

0.5

Principles Of Biological Diversity And Entomological Systems Mastery Practice Tests

Practice Tests

Principles of Biological Diversity and Entomological Systems Mastery

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