Cellular Foundations And Transport Mechanisms In Biology Practice Tests

Question 1

A cell is observed under a microscope with a magnification of 400x. The image of the cell is 2 mm in diameter. What is the actual diameter of the cell in micrometers (µm)?

Accepted Answer

B. 5 µm

Answer

A. 0.5 µm

Answer

C. 50 µm

Answer

D. 500 µm

Question 2

The eyepiece graticule of a microscope is calibrated using a stage micrometer. 20 divisions on the eyepiece graticule align with 0.5 mm on the stage micrometer. What is the size of one eyepiece graticule division in micrometers (µm)?

Accepted Answer

25 µm

Question 3

Which of the following organelles is responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

C. Mitochondria

Answer

A. Ribosomes

Answer

B. Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer

D. Golgi Apparatus

Question 4

Calculate the number of water molecules released when 10 glucose molecules combine to form a polysaccharide through condensation reactions.

Accepted Answer

C. 9

Answer

A. 10

Answer

B. 1

Answer

D. 11

Question 5

A solution containing an unknown carbohydrate yields a negative result with Benedict's reagent but a positive result after being boiled with hydrochloric acid and then tested with Benedict's reagent. What type of carbohydrate is most likely present in the original solution?

Accepted Answer

B. Non-reducing sugar

Answer

A. Reducing sugar

Answer

C. Starch

Answer

D. Monosaccharide

Question 6

A 10% (w/v) solution of starch is hydrolyzed by amylase. The rate of the reaction is measured by determining the concentration of reducing sugars formed over time. If the initial rate of reaction is 0.5 mM/min, how long will it take to produce 5 mM of reducing sugars, assuming the rate remains constant?

Accepted Answer

10 minutes

Question 7

An enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a Vmax of 20 $\mu$mol/min and a Km of 5 mM. What is the reaction rate when the substrate concentration is 5 mM?

Accepted Answer

A. 10 $\mu$mol/min

Answer

B. 20 $\mu$mol/min

Answer

C. 5 $\mu$mol/min

Answer

D. 25 $\mu$mol/min

Question 8

A cell with a water potential of -300 kPa is placed in a solution with a water potential of -100 kPa. Which of the following will occur?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell.

Answer

Water will move out of the cell.

Answer

There will be no net movement of water.

Answer

The cell will burst.

Question 9

Calculate the surface area to volume ratio of a cell that is a cube with sides of length 5 $\mu m$. Express your answer as a simplified fraction.

Accepted Answer

$\frac{6}{5}$

Question 10

If the concentration of glucose outside a cell is 10 mM and the concentration inside is 1 mM, which transport mechanism would be required to move glucose into the cell?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Simple diffusion

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Question 11

During metaphase of mitosis, sister chromatids are separated and move to opposite poles of the cell.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 12

Which of the following processes are involved in the movement of large molecules across the cell membrane?

Answer

Simple diffusion

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Exocytosis

Question 13

A plant cell is placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration than its cytoplasm. Describe the process that will occur and the resulting state of the cell.

Accepted Answer

Osmosis will occur, and the cell will become plasmolysed.

Question 14

Calculate the water potential ($$ \Psi $$) in a root cell if the solute potential ($$ \Psi_s $$) is -0.3 MPa and the pressure potential ($$ \Psi_p $$) is 0.15 MPa. Use the formula: $$ \Psi = \Psi_s + \Psi_p $$

Accepted Answer

-0.15 MPa

Question 15

A plant cell has a solute potential (\$\Psi_s\$) of -0.8 MPa and a pressure potential (\$\Psi_p\$) of 0.5 MPa. If this cell is placed in a solution with a water potential of -0.6 MPa, which of the following will occur?

Accepted Answer

Option A

Answer

Option B

Answer

Option C

Answer

Option D

Question 16

If the cardiac output is 5 L/min and the heart rate is 72 beats/min, calculate the stroke volume (in mL). Use the formula: Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume × Heart Rate.  Convert L to mL before calculating.

Accepted Answer

69.44 mL

Question 17

The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is 104 mm Hg, and in the pulmonary capillaries, it is 40 mm Hg. What is the driving force for oxygen diffusion from the alveoli into the blood?

Accepted Answer

Option A

Answer

Option B

Answer

Option C

Answer

Option D

Question 18

Increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood shifts the oxygen dissociation curve to the left, increasing haemoglobin's affinity for oxygen.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 19

Which of the following are adaptations of xerophytes to conserve water?

Accepted Answer

Option A

Answer

Option B

Answer

Option C

Answer

Option D

Question 20

Calculate the mean arterial pressure (MAP) given a systolic blood pressure of 120 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure of 80 mmHg, using the formula: MAP = Diastolic Pressure + (1/3)(Systolic Pressure - Diastolic Pressure).

Accepted Answer

93.33 mmHg

Cellular Foundations And Transport Mechanisms In Biology Practice Tests

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Cellular Foundations and Transport Mechanisms in Biology

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