Cardiovascular And Perfusion Pathophysiology Practice Test Practice Tests

Question 1

A patient has a stroke volume of 70 mL and a heart rate of 80 bpm. What is their cardiac output in liters per minute?

Accepted Answer

D. 5.6 L/min

Answer

A. 4.2 L/min

Answer

B. 4.9 L/min

Answer

C. 5.2 L/min

Question 2

If the mean arterial pressure (MAP) is 85 mmHg and the cardiac output (CO) is 5 L/min, what is the systemic vascular resistance (SVR) in dyn·s/cm⁵? (Note: MAP = CO * SVR, and to convert MAP from mmHg to dyn·s/cm⁵, multiply by 80)

Accepted Answer

B. 1360 dyn·s/cm⁵

Answer

A. 680 dyn·s/cm⁵

Answer

C. 3400 dyn·s/cm⁵

Answer

D. 6800 dyn·s/cm⁵

Question 3

Which of the following factors directly influence blood pressure?

Answer

A. Cardiac output

Answer

B. Systemic vascular resistance

Answer

C. Blood volume

Answer

D. Respiratory rate

Answer

E. Body temperature

Question 4

The Frank-Starling mechanism states that an increased venous return will lead to a decreased stroke volume, assuming all other factors remain constant.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 5

A patient presents with a pulmonary embolism affecting a well-ventilated area of the lung. According to the principles of ventilation-perfusion matching, which of the following blood gas results is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Decreased PaO2 with normal or slightly decreased PaCO2

Answer

Increased PaO2 with decreased PaCO2

Answer

Increased PaCO2 with normal PaO2

Answer

Normal PaO2 and PaCO2

Question 6

Which of the following factors contribute to Virchow's triad, predisposing a patient to thrombus formation? (Select all that apply)

Answer

Vessel wall damage

Answer

Decreased blood viscosity

Answer

Excessive clotting

Answer

Increased hydrostatic pressure

Answer

Alterations in blood flow

Question 7

A patient with anemia is likely to experience increased cardiac output as a compensatory mechanism to maintain adequate tissue perfusion.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 8

A patient with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) reports calf pain upon dorsiflexion of the foot. This clinical finding is known as:

Accepted Answer

Homans sign

Answer

Trendelenburg sign

Answer

Murphy's sign

Answer

Brudzinski's sign

Question 9

A patient with hypertension has a blood pressure reading of 160/100 mmHg. If their cardiac output is 5 L/min and their stroke volume is 70 mL, what is their total peripheral resistance (TPR) in dyn·s/cm⁵, given that Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) = Cardiac Output (CO) × TPR and MAP = Diastolic Pressure + 1/3(Systolic Pressure - Diastolic Pressure)?

Accepted Answer

2080 dyn·s/cm⁵

Answer

1600 dyn·s/cm⁵

Answer

1920 dyn·s/cm⁵

Answer

2400 dyn·s/cm⁵

Question 10

A patient is experiencing septic shock. Which of the following compensatory mechanisms are likely to be activated in the early stages of shock to maintain blood pressure and perfusion? (Select all that apply)

Answer

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer

Release of renin, leading to angiotensin II production

Answer

Increased heart rate and contractility

Answer

Decreased respiratory rate

Answer

Inhibition of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) release

Question 11

In a patient with anaphylactic shock, administering epinephrine will increase peripheral vasodilation, further decreasing blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 12

A patient presents with a suspected myocardial infarction. Their initial troponin-T level is 0.05 ng/mL. After 6 hours, it rises to 0.25 ng/mL. After another 6 hours, it is 0.45 ng/mL. Given that the upper reference limit (URL) for troponin-T is 0.03 ng/mL, what is the fold increase from the URL at the 12-hour mark?

Accepted Answer

15-fold

Answer

5-fold

Answer

10-fold

Answer

20-fold

Question 13

A patient with heart failure has an ejection fraction (EF) of 30%. They are prescribed a medication that increases cardiac output by 15% and decreases systemic vascular resistance (SVR) by 10%. If the initial cardiac output (CO) was 5 L/min and the initial SVR was 1200 dyn·s/cm⁵, what is the approximate mean arterial pressure (MAP) after the medication takes effect, given that MAP = CO x SVR?

Accepted Answer

Approximately 102 mmHg

Answer

Approximately 96 mmHg

Answer

Approximately 108 mmHg

Answer

Approximately 114 mmHg

Question 14

In a patient experiencing a stroke, a higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score indicates a less severe neurological deficit.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 15

Which of the following laboratory findings are typically associated with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?

Answer

Elevated D-dimer

Answer

Increased fibrinogen level

Answer

Decreased platelet count

Answer

Shortened Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

Answer

Prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT)

Cardiovascular And Perfusion Pathophysiology Practice Test Practice Tests

Practice Tests

Cardiovascular and Perfusion Pathophysiology Practice Test

Generate Cardiovascular And Perfusion Pathophysiology Practice Test practice tests with AI